Publications of proton high resolution magic angle spinning (1H HRMAS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and its role in identification of metabolic markers for human cancer reported between 2005 and 2009 are reviewed according the anatomic sites of cancer: lung, breast, prostate, brain, colorectal, and cervical. Limited and insufficient screening options for the general public have indicated a need for more advanced tests that can identify and locate cancer at an early stage. 1H HRMAS MRS is a valuable tool that can elucidate relevant biological metabolite information that is being used to distinguish cancer from benign tissue, and even classify types of tumors. Researchers are working to translate this ex vivo spectroscopy information into an in vivo system that could be implemented in cancer clinics. For instance, in the case of lung cancer, the goal is to identify the at risk population through a simple blood test, which would be the first level of screening. From these tests, patients identified as at risk will be able to undergo further non-invasive radiological testing for diagnostic purposes. Not only will this ex vivo technology become a valuable diagnostic tool, it will also provide a way to monitor treatments on an individual basis so they can be adjusted accordingly for the best possible outcome.

Key words: magnetic resonance spectroscopy; magic angle spinning; metabolomics; diagnosis; lung; breast; prostate; brain; colorectal; cervical; cancer; clinical application